第一届世界地质公园大会宣传材料之一 中国的世界地质公园

浏览次数:782  发布日期:2004-06-07  分类:专业领域/地质遗迹/地质公园新闻
 中国的世界地质公园            国   土   资   源   部                           二○○四年六月                      目  录 一、             安徽黄山世界地质公园简介二、江西庐山世界地质公园简介三、  河南云台山世界地质公园简介四、  云南石林世界地质公园简介五、  广东丹霞山世界地质公园简介六、 湖南张家界世界地质公园简介七、  黑龙江五大连池世界地质公园简介八、  河南嵩山世界地质公园简介九、  世界地质公园网络工作指南(英文版)十、  世界地质公园专家组名单十一、  关于加强中国世界地质公园建设的通知  2004年2月13日,经联合国教科文组织批准,中国的安徽黄山、江西庐山、河南云台山、云南石林、广东丹霞山、湖南张家界、黑龙江五大连池和河南嵩山等8家中国国家地质公园被列入联合国教科文组织世界地质公园网络名录,成为首批世界地质公园。一、 安徽黄山世界地质公园安徽黄山世界地质公园雄踞于风光秀丽的安徽省皖南山区。东连天目,西接匡庐,北倚九华,南望白岳。南北长约40公里,东西宽约30公里,面积约1200平方公里,主体部分面积为154平方公里。黄山世界地质公园属花岗岩峰林景观。黄山以雄峻瑰奇而著称,千米以上的高峰有72座,峰高峭拔、怪石遍布。山体峰顶尖陡,峰脚直落谷底,形成群峰峭拔的中高山地形。在山顶、山腰和山谷等处,广泛地分布有花岗岩石林石柱,特别是巧石遍布群峰、山谷。黄山自中心部位向四周呈放射状地展布着众多的“U”形谷和“V”形谷。区内奇峰耸立,巍峨雄奇;青松苍翠,挺拔多姿;巧石嶙峋,如雕如塑;云海浩瀚,气势磅礴;温泉水暖,喷涌不歇。在距今约1.4亿年前的晚侏罗世,地下炽热岩浆沿地壳薄弱的黄山地区上侵,在距今6500万年前后,黄山地区的岩体发生较强烈的隆升。随着地壳的间歇抬升,地下岩体及其上的盖层遭受风化、剥蚀,同时也受到来自不同方向的各种地应力的作用,在岩体中又产生出不同方向的节理。自第四纪(距今175万年)以来,间歇性上升形成了三级古剥蚀面,终于形成了今天的黄山。在这些岩体中,由于在矿物组分、结晶程度、矿物颗粒大小、抗风化能力和节理的性质、疏密程度等多方差异,造成了宛如鬼斧天工般的黄山美景。在立马桥、天都峰、北海等地段,被认为具有第四纪冰川而闻名。黄山冰川的存在与否,已争论了半个多世纪,至今尚无定论。这也是黄山地质公园又一诱人的魅力所在。黄山以“奇松、怪石、云海”三奇和丰富的水景以及它们的相互组合,表现其特质,显示了黄山天然的完美和谐,在丰富多变中见其有机统一。古往今来,一直为人们赞誉和向往。而黄山花岗岩的独特性是形成这些美境的物质基础。        二、 江西庐山世界地质公园江西庐山世界地质公园位于江西省九江市,占地总面积500平方公里,主要地质遗迹类型为地质地貌、地质剖面。地质公园内发育有地垒式断块山及第四纪冰川遗迹,以及第四纪冰川地层剖面和早元古代星子岩群地层剖面,保存系统而完整,丰富多样,极具代表性,具有极高的美学价值及科学价值。庐山环境幽雅,文化历史悠久,人文景观丰富,是令人向往的旅游胜地。庐山的地质遗迹以其独特的方式,融汇在具有突出价值的自然美之中,形成了具有极高美学价值、与中华民族精神和文化生活紧密相联的文化景观。          三、 河南云台山世界地质公园河南焦作云台山世界地质公园位于河南省焦作市修武县北部的太行山南麓。因山势高峻,群峰似刀峭崖台,常见白云缭绕而得名。地质公园园区包括修武县云台山风景名胜区和青龙山风景名胜区东部及外围地区。范围北起晋豫省界,南到山前西村一方庄一线,西起艾曲一裴庄一线,东止修武县界。国家地质公园主要以云台山园区的构造单面山体地貌和断崖飞瀑、幽谷清泉地貌为特征。园区内山地走向为北东—南西向,地貌复杂,地势起伏大,自北而南,由中山逐步过渡到低山丘陵和山前缓倾斜冲洪积平原,山地由于受强烈的侵蚀切割,地形破碎,多具深沟峡谷、悬崖峭壁,且连绵起伏,为典型的构造剥蚀地貌。园区内,群峰耸峙、直插云端,山势雄特、拔地通天,断崖飞瀑、幽谷清泉,潭池辉映、峰异石奇,生态植被、点缀群山,人文景观、历史久远,古生物化石、竞相争艳,地质遗迹、丰富多样,矿产资源、种类齐全。这里有形成于距今约14亿年~3亿年间的中元古界蓟县系云梦山组—上石炭统太原组地层,出露系统而完整;有太古界—早元古界基底,还有典型的构造遗迹,诸如基底太古界片麻杂岩构造,早元古界表壳岩的底僻穹窿构造,盖层的超覆构造,韧性剪切带构造,韧-脆性变形构造,脆性断裂构造,单面山构造,以及盖层中的垮塌构造,滑坡构造等。尤其是新构造运动遗迹,遍布园区各处,十分典型。始于2300万年前的喜马拉雅运动使得云台山区进一步抬升,形成现今的地貌景观。园区内已开发的各类自然景观共有7种170余处,有山峰100余座,陡崖10余处,峡谷中保留大量的地质遗迹,其中较为重要的有系统独特的地层、岩石、矿物旅游资源,典型特征的地质构造旅游资源、险峻秀丽的构造剥蚀地旅游资源、奇异多样的洞府旅游资源、得天独厚的生态旅游资源及历史悠久的人文旅游资源。             四、 云南石林世界地质公园云南石林世界地质公园位于云南省石林彝族自治县,占地总面积400平方公里,主要地质遗迹类型为岩溶地质地貌。石林世界地质公园是一个以石林地貌景观为主的岩溶地质公园。地质时期的晚古生代这里为滨海——浅海环境,沉积了上千米的石灰岩、白云岩、为形成本区石林地貌奠定了基础。经受后期地壳运动的抬升作用成为陆地,多期次遭受地下水、地表水沿岩石裂隙进行溶蚀,最后形成了组合类型多样的石林地貌景观。石林形态类型主要有剑状、塔状、蘑菇状及不规则柱状等。特别是这里连片出现高达20米—50米的石柱群,远望如树林,人们望物生意称之为“石林”,石林术语即源于此地。本区的石林地貌按发育历史阶段和形态组合又可分为:石林洼地、石林岩丘、石林槽谷、石林岭背、石林坡地、石林盆地等,在研究岩溶地貌上有重要的科学价值。石林地貌造型优美,似人似物,在美学上达到极高的境界,具有很高的旅游价值。园区内彝族风情浓厚,环境宜人,与石林地貌相配合形成了天人合一的和谐美景。     五、 广东丹霞山世界地质公园广东丹霞山世界地质公园位于广东省韶关市东北的仁化、曲江两县交界地带。地质公园东西宽17.5公里;南北长22.9公里。总面积290平方公里,其中丹霞地貌集中分布范围180平方公里。世界上由红色陆相砂砾岩构成的以赤壁丹崖为特色的一类地貌均被称为丹霞地貌,丹霞山便是这类特殊地貌的命名地。丹霞山位于南岭山脉南侧的一个山间盆地中,整体为红层峰林式结构,有大小石峰、石堡、石墙、石柱380多座,主峰巴寨海拔618米,大多山峰在300~400米之间,高低参差、错落有致、形态各异、气象万千。丹霞山由红色砂砾岩构成,以赤壁丹崖为特色,看去似赤城层层,云霞片片,古人取“色如渥丹,灿若明霞”之意,称之为丹霞山。丹霞山又称“中国红石公园”,自古为岭南第一奇山。由高达几百米赤壁悬崖峭壁构成的山峰拔起于平川或河岸之上,危崖劲露,大多直立或呈反坡,令人望而生畏。气势磅礴,雄浑而富有力度,充满阳刚之美。纵目丹霞的山,堡状、锥状、墙状、柱状、塔状形象各异,组合有序,似“万古金城”,若千年石堡。尤其晨雾之中或云海之上,仿佛海市蜃楼,又如仙山琼阁。丹霞的山石个个象形,似人似物,似兽似禽,让你觉得它们是雕塑大师的艺术杰作,但却无一不是出于大自然的鬼斧神工。构成丹霞地貌的物质基础是形成于距今约7至9千万年前的晚白垩世的红色河湖相砂砾岩。在距今约6500万年前,本区受构造运动的影响,产生许多断层和节理,同时也使整个丹霞盆地变为剥蚀地区。在距今约2300万年开始的喜马拉雅运动使得本区迅速抬升。在漫长的岁月中,间歇性的抬升作用使得本区的地貌发生了翻天覆地的变化,地质作用将本地区塑造的秀丽多姿。整个山区保存着较好的亚热带常绿林,四季郁郁葱葱,苍翠欲滴。而丹霞之秀,又主要秀在锦江。锦江碧绿的玉液,出自于南岭的万倾林海,在丹霞山群中迂回南流,一路翠竹夹岸,树木婆娑,近石倒映,远山逶迤。富有岭南情调的山村田园掩映其间,古人有诗曰:“一水浮青碧,千峰竞翠微”,其秀丽之美不下“江作青罗带,山如碧玉簪”的桂林山水。今人行于山径,远离城市尘嚣,自然也有返朴归真的超脱之感。另外,丹霞山世界公园除了美不胜收的自然风貌外,尚有保存完好的生态环境和片状分布的山顶、山谷原始生态群落及古树名木和野生动物,以及历史上人类利用丹霞地貌的各种古遗存等,这一切都吸引着无数海内外游客纷至沓来。   六、 湖南张家界世界地质公园张家界世界地质公园位于湖南张家界市,占地总面积3600 平方公里,主要地质遗迹类型为砂岩峰林地貌、岩溶洞穴。    地质公园分布区内出露泥盆纪(距今3.5亿~4亿年)厚层石英砂岩,由于岩层产状平缓,垂直节理发育,受后期地壳运动抬升,重力崩塌及雨水冲刷等内外地质动力作用的影响,形成了奇特的砂岩峰林地貌景观.在园区内有3000多座拔地而起的石涯,其中高度超过200米的有1000多座,金鞭岩竟高达350米,石峰形态各异,优美壮观,是世界上极为罕见的砂岩峰林地貌,有重大科学价值。其它尚有方山、岩墙、天生桥、峡谷等造型地貌以及发育在三叠纪石灰岩中的溶洞景观。园内森林茂密,并有银杏、珙桐、红豆杉、鹅掌揪等珍稀植物,为研究生物演化提供了实物例证。       七、 黑龙江五大连池世界地质公园五大连池世界地质公园位于黑龙江省五大连池市,占地总面积720平方公里,主要地质遗迹类型为火山地质地貌类。五大连池是世界上保存最完整、最典型、时代最新的火山群,被誉为“中国火山博物馆”。因这里有丰富的具有医疗价值的矿泉,又被称为“中国矿泉水之乡”。园区内有规律地分布着14座火山,其中12座形成于1200万年~100万年的地质时期,2座火山喷发于1719年~1721年,是中国最新的火山之一。区内火山锥体拔地而起,锥体中的火山保存完整,从火山口流出的熔岩流长达10余公里,阻塞河流形成五个串珠状湖泊—五大连池。这里的熔岩地貌类型多样,有世界稀有的火山喷气锥、喷气碟,有典型的绳状熔岩、翻花状熔岩及各种具有极高美学价值的象形熔岩、火山弹、浮石、熔岩隧道等。园区空气清新,环境幽雅,湖光山色,是难得的科学旅游,休假康疗胜地。       八、 河南嵩山世界地质公园河南嵩山世界地质公园位于河南省登封市,总面积450平方公里,主要地质遗迹类型为地质(含构造)剖面。嵩山在大地构造上处于华北古陆南缘,在公园范围内,连续完整地出露35亿年以来太古代、元古代、古生代、中生代和新生代五个地质历史时期的地层,地层层序清楚,构造形迹典型,被地质界称为“五代同堂”,实际上是一部完整的地球历史石头书。区内清晰地保存着发生在距今23亿年(命名为嵩阳运动)、18.5亿年(中岳运动)和5.7亿年(少林运动)三次前寒武纪全球性地壳运动形成的沉积间断和地层角度不整合界面遗迹,成为研究地球发展早期阶段地壳演化过程的最佳场所和经典地区之一,是对游人普及地球科学知识的宝库。嵩山是我国著名的“五岳”之一——“中岳”,人文景观众多,计有十寺、五庙、五宫、三观、四庵、四洞、三坛及宝塔270余座,是历史上佛、儒、道三教荟萃之地,它们和珍稀的地质遗迹相配合构成了立体的、多层次的、多功能的世界地质公园景观。  九、世界地质公园网络工作指南(英文版)   United Nations Educational, Scientificand Cultural Organization    Network of National Geoparks seeking UNESCO's assistance (January 2004) BackgroundPursuant to decision of its Executive Board in June 2001 (161 EX/Decisions, 3.3.1) UNESCO has been invited "to support ad hoc efforts of Member States" to promote territories or natural parks having special geological features. To this end, the present Operational Guidelines provide directing principles for national geoparks requesting the assistance of UNESCO through the inclusion in a Network of national geoparks. A geopark seeking UNESCO’s assistance is a territory with well-defined limits. It is run under the national legislation or regulations, which provide the legal framework for its managerial body, funding tools and logistic support. National initiatives seeking UNESCO's assistance should integrate the preservation of significant examples of the geological heritage of our planet Earth in a strategy for regional socio-economic development, safeguarding the environment, which is a concept also known as sustainable development[1]. They should further a balanced relationship between humankind and the Earth by heightening public awareness and respect of the Earth’s value and improving understanding of the Earth’s crust and the capacity to use it wisely. In promoting the protection and sustainable development of geological heritage, Member States' initiatives shall thus contribute to the objectives of Agenda 21, the Agenda of Science for Environment and Development into the twenty-first century adopted by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED, Rio de Janeiro, 1992). Further, they shall add a new dimension to the 1972 Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage by highlighting the potential for interaction between socio-economic development and conservation of the natural environment. Besides operating in synergy with UNESCO’s World Heritage Centre and the Man and the Biosphere (MAB) World Network of Biosphere Reserves, UNESCO's Division of Earth Sciences co-operates closely with other complementary national and international undertakings, and non-governmental organizations active in geological heritage conservation, like IUGS' Working Group on "Global Geosites", ProGEO and the 'European Geoparks Network'.  Before applying for UNESCO's assistance proposers are asked to respect the terms of the present Operational Guidelines. An independent International Advisory Group will refer to these guidelines when assessing proposals for provision of UNESCO's assistance to national geopark initiatives. Proposers are further requested to seek contact with and geoscientific advice from their respective national Geological Surveys or other relevant geoscientific institutions. Operational Guidelines  Article 1 - Criteria 1.    A geopark seeking UNESCO's assistance is a territory with well-defined limits that has a large enough surface area for it to serve local economic development. It comprises a certain number of geological heritage sites (on any scale) or a mosaic of geological entities of special scientific importance, rarity or beauty, representative of an area and its geological history, events or processes. It may not solely be of geological significance but also of ecological, archaeological, historical or cultural value. Clearance for geoscientific qualification should be sought with the respective national Geological Survey(s) or other relevant geoscientific institutions. 2. The sites inside the defined area are linked to one another and safeguarded in a formally managed park-type situation; the park is run by a designated authority with adequate management infrastructure, which adopts its own territorial policy for sustainable regional socio-economic development.  3. A geopark seeking UNESCO's assistance serves to foster socio-economic development that is culturally and environmentally sustainable. This has a direct impact on the area involved by improving human living conditions and the rural environment, thus strengthening identification of the population with their area and triggering cultural renaissance. Respectful of the environment, it shall stimulate, for example, the creation of innovative local enterprises, small business, cottage industries and new jobs by generating new sources of revenue (e.g. geotourism, geoproducts). This should provide a supplementary income for the local population and attract private capital. 4. A geopark seeking UNESCO's assistance serves as a pedagogical tool for environmental education, training and interdisciplinary research related to geoscientific disciplines, broader environmental issues and sustainable development. A geopark seeking UNESCO's assistance shall provide pedagogical programmes and instruments for broad environmental education, public awareness raising (geological museums, trails) and scientific research, in which it defines target groups (schools, universities, general public, etc.), planned activities and logistic support. 5. A geopark seeking UNESCO's assistance serves to explore and demonstrate methods of conserving geological heritage (e.g. conservation of representative rocks, mineral resources, minerals, fossils and landforms). Within the legal framework of national legislation or regulations, a geopark seeking UNESCO's assistance shall contribute to the conservation of significant geological features which provide information on various geoscientific disciplines such as all solid geology, economic geology and mining, engineering geology, geomorphology, glacial geology, hydrology, mineralogy, palaeontology, petrography, sedimentology, soil science, speleology, stratigraphy, structural geology and volcanology.  6. The management authority of the park shall ensure adequate protection measures, in consultation with respective Geological Surveys or relevant statutory bodies, to guarantee the effective conservation of a site or area and provide means for physical maintenance, as appropriate. A geopark seeking UNESCO's assistance remains under the sole jurisdiction of the State in which it is situated. It is the State抯 responsibility to decide how to protect the particular sites or areas, in conformity with its national legislation or regulations. 7. A geopark under UNESCO's assistance should respect local and national laws relating to the protection of geological sites and its managing body should take the moral decision not to sell minerals and fossils. It should also accept that there are different cultural habits across Europe regarding collectors and permit in certain circumstances the limited collecting of geological samples for educational purposes from naturally eroded sites. 8. The body in charge of the particular geopark shall provide a thorough management plan containing among others:     (a) a global analysis of the geopark     (b) an analysis and diagnosis of the territory     (c) an analysis of the potential for local economic development 9. On the territory of a geopark seeking UNESCO's assistance, organizational arrangements shall be provided to involve public authorities, local communities, private interests, and both research and educational bodies in the design and running of the park, its regional economic development plan and activities. This co-operation shall stimulate discussion and encourage partnerships between the different groups having a vested interest in the area; it shall motivate and mobilise local authorities and the local population. 10. The designation of an area as a geopark seeking UNESCO's assistance shall be given appropriate publicity and promotion by the management body of the geopark concerned, who shall keep UNESCO regularly informed about the latest progress and developments in the park. 11. If a geopark’s territory is identical to or overlaps with an area inscribed on the World Heritage List or registered as a MAB Biosphere Reserve it is necessary to obtain prior clearance from the appropriate bodies of the said initiatives before submitting the proposal.  Article 2 - Nomination procedure  1. The proposal for a geopark seeking UNESCO's assistance may be submitted at any time of the year. 2.    A proposal shall be prepared by the existing managing body of a national geopark of States belonging to one of the Agencies of the United Nations System on the basis of the attached nomination form. 3.    The proposer may seek assistance from the Division of Earth Sciences of UNESCO, its international team of advisors and other experts for the preparation of the proposal. 4.    The proposal, duly signed by the managing body, the Geological Survey or other relevant geoscientific institution, the governmental entity, and the National Commission for UNESCO, should be addressed to the UNESCO, Division of Earth Sciences, through and with the support of the National Commission for UNESCO in the Member State concerned. Should no National Commission be established in the State, the submission should be directly forwarded to the Division of Earth Sciences. 5.    The Division of Earth Sciences shall verify the contents of the proposal and supporting materials and, in the case of incomplete documentation, request complementary information from the proposer. 6.    Proposals are assessed by an International Advisory Group, which recommends to the Director-General of UNESCO the assistance or not of the Organization. 7. The members of the International Advisory Group are nominated by the Director-General of UNESCO in consultation with the Scientific Board of the International Geoscience Programme (IGCP). 8. Travel costs, accommodation and local transportation costs of additional advisors in charge of an eventually necessary on-the-spot evaluation of the geopark seeking UNESCO's assistance should normally be borne by the country where the geopark is located or any other party or entity concerned with the proposal. 9. UNESCO shall notify the proposer and the National Commission for UNESCO in the country concerned of the decision taken by the Director-General of UNESCO.   Article 3 - UNESCO's assistance 1.    UNESCO's assistance may be attributed upon a positive assessment of the proposal by an independent International Advisory Group through UNESCO. 2. The Organization's association with a national geopark consists of authorizing the management body of a park to use in connection with respective geopark initiatives, expressions such as "with the support of UNESCO" or "with the assistance of UNESCO", if material and/or intellectual aid has been provided by UNESCO. UNESCO shall reserve its assistance for joint intellectual activities or events, such as holding workshops, conferences and congresses, as well as for co-publications between UNESCO and the geopark. This includes, for example, leaflets and websites, but does not comprise the use of UNESCO's logo by individual parks nor for commercial purpose. 3. The attribution of UNESCO's support or assistance is a sign of recognition of excellence and in no way implies any legal or financial responsibilities on the part of UNESCO. It is the responsibility of the managing body of the geopark to avoid any misunderstandings with the public in general and park officials in particular in this regard, and to defend UNESCO against any claims which might be made to this effect.  Article 4 - Reporting and periodical review 1.    The status of each national geopark seeking UNESCO's assistance shall be subject to a periodical review within 5 years based on a report prepared by the designated authority concerned in cooperation with respective authorities who signed the original proposal, and forwarded to UNESCO through the National Commission for UNESCO.  2.    If on the basis of this report, the International Advisory Group considers that the status or management of the park is satisfactory since it was designated or last reviewed, this will be formally acknowledged. 3.    If it is considered that the geopark no longer fulfils the criteria set out in Article 1, the designated authority concerned may be recommended to take appropriate steps to ensure conformity with the provisions of the said Article. Should the park not fulfil the criteria of the said Article within one year, it shall cease to be associated with UNESCO. 4.    UNESCO shall notify the designated authority concerned and the National Commission for UNESCO of the outcome of the periodical review. 5.    Should a sovereign State/authority wish to withdraw from the attributed association, it shall notify UNESCO through its National Commission giving the reasons thereto.      Annex  Nomination Form for a National Geopark seeking the assistance of UNESCO  Member States interested in establishing a national geopark seeking the assistance of UNESCO, are invited to follow the Operational Guidelines for national geoparks and to complete the annexed form. The information contained in this form will serve UNESCO's International Advisory Group in assessing the proposal. It is divided into four sections: 1. Identification of the territory2. Scientific significance3. Territorial analysis4. Signature section Before completing the form, the proposer is advised to familiarize him- or herself with the selection criteria and the definitions of a geoparks seeking assistance of UNESCO, laid down by the Operational Guidelines. Furthermore, it is absolutely necessary during the preparatory phase, to seek co-operation with Geological Surveys, local public bodies, local communities and private interest groups and to broaden the composition of the start-up team in charge of the project geopark. This will be helpful to establish a feasible development concept for the geopark and to get a broad perspective for identifying new possible main lines of action. A local dynamism of thought and discussion could involve the entire population which would facilitate local acceptance for the planned national geopark. The following section of the form has been designed to guide the proposer in preparing a detailed description and analysis of the territory. While there are no constraints on layout or length, proposers are asked to respect the headings given there. Proposers are welcome to attach any additional information they may consider essential for the evaluation. The Division of Earth Sciences of UNESCO reserves the right to request complementary information whenever appropriate. Only when it considers the submission to be complete shall the evaluation process be started. The application will remain at the Division of Earth Sciences, passing-on to another person is allowed only by permission of the applicant. The proposal should be typed in English and submitted in three copies duly signed, together with supporting documents, through and with the support of the National Commission for UNESCO in each country concerned, to: Division of Earth SciencesUNESCO1, rue Miollis75732 Paris Cedex 15France 1. Identification of the territory  1.1 Country where the geopark is situated: 1.2 Size of the geopark (in km2): 1.3 Geographic region in which the geopark is situated:ÿ Africa                        ÿ Europe and North Americaÿ Arab States                       ÿ Latin America and the Caribbeanÿ Asia and the Pacific (incl. Australia)           1.4 ManagementPlease identify the administrative entity or authority in charge of the geopark. Status/Organization:Street or P.O.Box:City and postal code:Country: Telephone: .................................................. Fax: .................................................E-mail:  Please give also the name of the main contact person to whom all correspondence is to be addressed. Title, name:Organization:Street or P.O.Box:City and postal code:Country: Telephone: .................................................. Fax: .................................................E-mail: 1.5 AdministrationPlease give the name(s) of the privileged administrative contact person(s) who is (are) involved in the geopark project at national (governmental) level. Title, name:Organization:Street or P.O.Box:City and postal code:Country: Telephone: .................................................. Fax: .................................................E-mail:  2. Scientific significance  2.1 Geoscientific significance of the geoparkÿ economic geology and mining   ÿ palaeontologyÿ engineering geology                  ÿ petrographyÿ Earth history                    ÿ sedimentologyÿ geomorphology                ÿ soil science (pedology)ÿ glacial geology                  ÿ speleologyÿ hydrogeology                    ÿ stratigraphyÿ mineralogy                        ÿ structural geology / tectonicsÿ volcanology ÿ others............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2.2 Broader significance of the geopark, other assetsBesides its geological features, does the site or area contain other assets such as archaeological, ecological and/or historical/cultural values? If so, please specify. The geopark is also significant for:ÿ tourism                     ÿ biologyÿ local history               ÿ ecologyÿ culture               ÿ hydrologyÿ geography                 ÿ teaching, education and researchÿ archaeology               ÿ special reference or type localityÿ anthropology              ÿ home to protected or endangered species (flora                             and fauna) please specify: .....................................................................................................................................................................ÿ other (World Heritage site or Biosphere Reserves shall provide clearence).......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2.3 Enclosures:ÿ location map of the geopark                     ÿ slidesÿ general territory map (1/100.000)                   ÿ aerial photo(s)ÿ geological map                                ÿ video cassette(s)ÿ geological section(s)                       ÿ analytical dataÿ photos                                     ÿ literatureÿ statement by the Geological Survey(s) concernedÿ other ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3. Territorial analysis  3.1 Identification of the territory 3.1.1 Description of the territoryPlease describe the territory of the geopark and identify its geographic characteristics (location, size, latitude, longitude, climate, etc.). 3.1.2 Protection statusPlease specify the protection level (operational or planned) and the specific considerations for the protection of the geological heritage sites (geotopes, geosites) situated within the boundaries of the geopark; refer to legal texts, cartography, different regulations, etc., and attach a map of each site, photos, etc. 3.2 Scientific description 3.2.1 Geological contextPlease present the global geological context of the geopark and of each of the geological heritage sites included within it (including location map). Please summarize the main information on e.g. geological setting, age, lithology and history of formation and define clearly the different geoscientific disciplines reflected by the geopark and its sites. 3.2.2 Earth heritage relevanceWhat is the particular relevance of the geopark and its sites for geological heritage? 3.2.3 Potential threats Threats to a site might lead to its degradation or sometimes even partial or total loss. Please describe the potential threats to the sites (plundering of sites, taking away of fossils, damage to buildings, etc.), judge the possible evolution of these threats, propose solutions and recommend conservation measures to neutralize these threats. 3.2.4 AnnexesPlease attach a geological bibliography of the territory and all documents which can lead to a better understanding of the geological heritage interest of the territory.  3.3 Sustainable regional development It is indispensable for the evaluation of the geopark to provide complete information on the present situation of the territory and planned actions for sustainable development.To prepare this, the proposer is advised to follow as closely as possible the outline below, starting with the collection of data and information on the territory. (The more details and different components of the geopark are known, the easier it will be for the proposer to get a global vision of a sustainable development concept for the territory.)  On the basis of these data, in close co-operation with the different partners contributing to the project geopark, the proposer should be in a position to proceed with the preparation of a territorial diagnosis and action plan for entire territory’s socio-economic development. He should identify local resurces which are insufficiently valued, social categories and geographic sectors which might need, and profit most from, a developments impetus, problems the developmental approach has to address as a priority. 3.3.1 Collection of data and information ·       cartography:Þ   geographic cartography of the geopark’s territoryÞ   geological cartography (main geological sites)Þ   cartography of human settlementsÞ   cartography of heritage (including geological, cultural, etc.)Þ   cartography of modern comfort (restaurants or refreshment facilities, overnight accommodation, etc.)Þ   cartography of traffic flow and the links of the territory with peripheral zones·       data on the territory:Þ   surfaceÞ   population densityÞ   presence of villages, towns or citiesÞ   geographic constraints and advantagesÞ   historic and cultural specificitiesÞ   actual demographic situation and trendsÞ   infrastructure facilities and local accessible servicesÞ   environmental advantages and constraintsÞ   structure, organisation and evolution of the local economyÞ   evolution of the job marketÞ   existing social problemsÞ   developmental projects already planned or carried out by local entitiesÞ   dynamism and weight of associations, trade unions, etc.Þ   economic wealth of the territory in comparison to the country’s averageÞ   advantages of the territoryÞ   weak points (principal handicaps, hindrances to development, etc.)Þ   local resources which seem to be insufficiently valued3.3.2 Territorial diagnosis (interpretation of 3.3.1) ·       In which global direction must the main local economic sectors develop their activities?·       Which problems the developmental approach has to address as a priority?·       Which social categories and geographic sectors might need and would profit most from a developmental impetus?·       How is the institutional framework of the concerned region and territorial competencies defined?·       How evolved the sector of tourism in the territory in recent years? How important was it?·       What is the impact on the environment through the geopark (environmental impact assessment)? 3.3.3 Territorial action plan The proposer should begin by describing a hypothetical scenario of how it is hoped  the territory of the geopark will look like in ten years’ time. This futuristic vision helps to establish long-term objectives. (It could additionally be enriched through the elaboration of alternative scenarios, since it is also very useful to describe what the territory should not become!) From this point onward, it becomes clear what should be done in order to realize this vision. The territorial action plan is the strategic framework within which basic directions are identified and the suitable path defined for realizing the above-mentioned scenario. The proposer should determine what actions are feasible, bearing in mind that regional development should strive to maintain an equilibrium between economic interests and preservation of the environment.  For the success of the entire project, the planned actions should be integrated in a global dynamic of discussion and co-operation, by creating links and synergies among the different socio-economic and geographic sectors. Essential parts of the territorial action plan:·       territorial vision of the geopark ten years hence (hypothetical scenario)·       potential for commercial innovation·       defined strategic objectives for development of the entire territory·       operational objectives·       means of realizing development specifying: Þ   the resources available (financial, human, technical, etc.)Þ   partners already participating or willing to join the projectÞ   timetable for the activitiesÞ   budget showing investment and implementation for the next three years Please attach maps localizing the priority zones where the above-mentioned actions will be centred.      4. Signature section  4.1 ManagementSignature by the body in charge of managing the geopark, certifying that the body in charge of the management of the geopark acknowledges its responsibility to pursue the objectives laid down by the present guidelines and to elaborate and implement corresponding managing principles.   Full Name: ............................................................................................................Title: .................................................................................................................... Address (Organisation, street, city, telephone, fax, e-mail): ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................    Date: ...................................... Signature: .............................................................  4.2 Geological Survey(s) or other relevant geoscientific institutionsSignature approving the geoscientific quality and significance of the geopark.  Full Name: ............................................................................................................Title: .................................................................................................................... Address (Organisation, street, city, telephone, fax, e-mail): ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................    Date: ...................................... Signature: ............................................................. Signature certifying the geopark remains under the sole jurisdiction of the State in which it is situated. It is the State抯 responsibility to decide how to protect the particular sites or areas, in conformity with its national legislation or regulations. Date of endorsement:   Full Name: ............................................................................................................Title: .................................................................................................................... Address (Organisation/Ministry, street, city, telephone, fax, e-mail): ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................     Date: ...................................... Signature: .............................................................  4.4 National Commission for UNESCOSignature by the representative of the National Commission for UNESCO supporting the proposal. Date of endorsement:   Full Name: ............................................................................................................Title: .................................................................................................................... Address (Organisation, street, city, telephone, fax, e-mail): ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................     Date: ...................................... Signature: .............................................................       十、国际地质公园专家组名单·拉丁美洲:  V. Ramos教授(阿根廷,IGCP) E. Teixeira博士(巴西)·非洲:  S. Muhongo教授(坦桑尼亚,IGCP) H. Kampunzu教授(博茨瓦纳)·亚洲/大洋州:  S. Turner教授(澳大利亚,IGCP) 赵逊教授(中国) I. Komoo教授(马来西亚)·欧洲:  G. Woerner教授(德国,IGCP) Irini Drandaki博士(希腊) W. Ziegler教授(德国) G. Martini博士(法国) T. Weighell博士(英国) B. Wimbledon博士(国际地质科学联合会,   ProGEO)  十一、关于加强中国世界地质公园建设的通知                                     国土资发[2004]80号黑龙江、安徽、江西、河南、湖南、广东、云南省国土资源厅:2004年2月13日,经联合国教科文组织批准,我国的安徽黄山、江西庐山、河南云台山、云南石林、广东丹霞山、湖南张家界、黑龙江五大连池和河南嵩山等8家国家地质公园被列入联合国教科文组织世界地质公园网络名录,成为首批世界地质公园。为了进一步加强世界地质公园建设,有效保护、合理开发和永续利用地质遗迹资源,促进世界地质公园健康发展,现就有关工作通知如下:一、加强领导,建立健全管理机构。进一步建立和完善地质公园管理机构,同时要发挥地质专家在建设和管理地质公园方面的作用,充实或聘请当地的地质专家作为管理机构成员或顾问。二、编制和完善世界地质公园规划。以科学发展观为指导,遵循“在保护中开发,在开发中保护”的原则,在已有的工作基础上,进一步编制和完善世界地质公园规划,并报国土资源部。三、加强地学科普宣传设施建设。进一步建设和完善世界地质公园科学解释标牌,使其科学、通俗易懂和直观化。进一步加强和完善公园内的地质博物馆建设,增加高科技演示手段,陈列典型的标本实物,并免费向公众开放,以达到科学普及的目的。四、加强导游人员的培训。抓住导游人员是地质科学普及的重要环节,制定导游人员地质科学培训计划,做好培训工作,切实提高导游人员的科学素质。要进一步编制好通俗易懂的地质公园导游册,扩大宣传,送至社会公共场所,通过多种形式,将地质科学向民众普及。五、加强地质科学研究。各公园每年应设立一定的经费用于地质科学研究,每两年召开一次地质学术研讨会,不断地认识公园内地质遗迹的内涵。六、加强国际合作。各地质公园要加强科学科普信息系统建设,建好各世界地质公园网站,并通过世界地质公园网络办公室(北京)渠道,加强与国际间的交流。通过多种途径,使中国的地质公园真正走向世界。进入联合国教科文组织世界地质公园网络名录,是各公园的荣誉,但也肩负了保护地质遗迹、科学普及和发展地方经济的责任。各世界地质公园要切实保护和科学开发利用地质遗迹,使这份宝贵的财富永续利用,造福当代,更造福子孙后代。   二○○四年四月[1] Sustainable development was defined by the World Commission on Environment and Development in Our Common Future (1987) as ‘development which meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.’
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